| Survey | Collects separate responses. | Participants' responses do not interact and do not become part of one another's thinking context. | Participants evaluate other solutions and reshape the shared decision space. |
| Brainstorming | Generates many ideas quickly. | The outcome can be shaped by the loudest, highest-status or first people to speak. | Anonymous authorship separates the idea from the status of its author. |
| Voting | Selects the option receiving the most votes. | A majority choice does not reveal the structure of evaluations, polarization or a potentially valuable minority perspective. | Evaluation distributions, convergence and different perspectives are analyzed. |
| Meeting | Allows people to deliberate directly. | Time, speaking order, social pressure and hierarchy constrain participation. | Each participant can contribute independently, regardless of their ability to dominate a conversation. |
| Artificial intelligence | Generates and analyzes information. | AI does not contain the full range of lived experience within an organization and cannot by itself confer social legitimacy on a decision. | AI can help analyze the outcome, but the knowledge behind the decision and its social value emerge from human interaction. |